Determination of antimutagenities of some wheat species with SOS/UMU test system

SOS is a regulatory system, was the first to be characterized among systems induced by DNA damage. Before starting our experiments, the cytotoxic effects of derivatives of iodinated Shiff bases were investigated, and the determined upper dose limit was established. The study was carried out with doses below. The strains we used were genetically controlled. In our study, one of the most common wheat species in our country (Triticum aestivum); Müfit Bey, Naci Bey, Kınacı-97, Ekiz, and Yunus types were chosen. Species tested on Salmonella typhimurium NM2009 and Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 bacterial strains using the SOS-UMU test system to determine the antimutagenic potential. Extracts prepared with a 2:1 water and grain kg ratio was used for the soaking process. The grains kept at room temperature for 40 hours were dried at 65℃ and ground in mills with 0.5 and 1 mm sieves. 0.1 ml of frozen samples of S.thyphimurium NM 2009 and S.thyphimurium NM 3009 strains were taken, inoculated into 50 ml flasks containing 20 ml of LB broth, and incubated overnight. Cultures were added in 0.9 ml portions to sterile tubes containing 30 μl of the chemical at different concentrations and incubated for 3.5 hours. To determine the chemical cytotoxicity at different concentrations, the bacterial density of each tube at OD600 was measured by spectrophotometer. 0.2 ml of the cultures taken which absorbance was detected, to measure the β-galactosidase activity. Each tube containing 0.2 ml of culture was added 1.8 ml of Z-buffer, 50 μl of 0.1% SDS and 10 μl of pure chloroform and vortexed. To initiate the reaction 0.2 ml of ONPG (4 mg/ml) solution was added to the medium. After waiting for a particular time (10-60') in a 37°C water bath for coloration, the reaction was stopped with 1ml of 1M Na2CO3 solution. Tubes were read at 420 and 550 nm. O-nitrophenol absorbance was calculated using a correction factor to compensate for the light scattering. At least a 2-fold increase in β-galactosidase activity compared to the control indicates that the chemical can be considered positive for genotoxicity in the Umu-test system. The antimutagenicity method, inhibition of the mutagenic activity of the direct mutagen 4NQO with the UMU test, was determined by plant wheat extracts. The enzyme activity detected in the positive control was admitted as 100%. The decrease value provided by wheat grain extracts in the presence of 4NQO mutagen was evaluated as antimutagenicity. Keywords: SOS-UMU, Bread Wheat, Antimutagenity, Mutagen