Determination of the effectiveness of some plant water extracts with nanosilver particulated (AgNPs) against root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) in vitro and in vivo conditions

This study was conducted to investigate the nematicidal effects of some plant water extract and nanosilver particles (AgNPs) plant water extracts against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) in 2019-2021. Laboratory studies were carried out in the nematology laboratory of Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute (Yalova), and greenhouse studies were carried out in the producer greenhouses located in Antalya and Yalova districts. For this purpose, the effects of plant extracts (water and nanosilver particles) from Brassica carinata L. (Brassicaceae), Moringa oleifera L. (Moringaceae), Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae), Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) and Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) were investigated against root-knot nematodes. In the laboratory experiment, the extracts against 2. stage of larvae (J2) from Meloidogyne incognita pure culture were applied at 5 different concentrations (water extract 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%; nanoparticle water extracts 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm). As a result of laboratory experiment, M. oleifera and L. camara the concentration of 25% water extract and 200 ppm nano silver particles were found to be highest effective respectively, 65.80%, 70.70% and 95.10%, 94.10% against J2 of M. incognita larvae. Greenhouse-pots and natural greenhouse experiments were carried out with the extracts obtained from these plants. Greenhouse-pods experiments, root knot scale value, some plant growth parameter values and the most effective methods of application were evaluated. As a result of the greenhouse-pods toxicity experiment against the J2 M. incognita, the concentration of 200 ppm M. oleifera and L. camara nanosilver particle water extract was found to be the highest effectiveness. The natural greenhouse experiment (in vivo) was conducted at two different places in 2021. The two plant extracts (M. oleifera and L. camara) were tested in greenhouses found to be naturally contaminated with M. incognita. This study was evaluated by the number of J2, root-knot scale value, and yield of tomatoes (kg da⁻¹). As a result of the natural greenhouse experiment, it was determined the nano silver particle of M. oleifera and L. camara plants extracts were suppressed gall development in the roots, and effective in terms of yield.