Investigation of antigenotoxic, antioxidative and citotoxic properties of some olive cultivars in peripheral lymphocyte cells

Olive leaf extract contains seceroids, flavonoids, simple phenols, phenolic acids, and terpenoids. In this study, the phytochemical properties, antioxidant capacities, in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic/antigenotoxic effects of Uslu, Domat, Gemlik, and Kiraz cultivars belonging to the Olea europaea species prepared with different solvents on human lymphocyte cells were investigated. Phytochemical properties of the extracts were determined by LC-MS/MS device. Antioxidant capacities of extracts in vitro and in vivo by DPPH and ABTS+ methods, cytotoxic activity MTS test ((5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol)-3-(4-sulphophenyl) tetrazolium)), antigenotoxic activity was determined by micronucleus, somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). According to the LC-MS/MS results, it was determined that the highest phenolic compound among the cultivars was oleuropein. As a result of DPPH analysis, the best antioxidant activity was found in Kiraz cultivar prepared with distilled water (0.14 ± 0.01 µg/µL); As a result of ABTS+ analysis, the best antioxidant activity was determined in Domat cultivar prepared with ethanol (0.023 ± 0.002 µg/µL). According to the MTS test results, it was observed that all extracts supported lymphocyte cell viability and did not show any cytotoxic effect in the specified dose ranges. For all that, it was determined that increasing incubation time decreased the effect of the extract on cell viability. Looking at the micronucleus results, it was found that olive leaf inhibited the genotoxic damage caused by hydrogen peroxide on lymphocyte cells. Based on SMART test data, small single point frequencies per wing were determined at least 4.44 times less than in the positive control in all cultivars.