Bertrand Russell's criticism of Aristotle and his understanding of logic in the context of knowledge and defination

In the process that started with Frege in the twentieth century, logical thought brought fundamental criticisms to the centuries-old practice of Aristotle's logic tradition. In this context, besides Frege, Russell becomes an important thinker in establishing new logical thinking. In this study, Russell's original approaches within the framework of his analysis and ideas in logical thought will be compared with the logical framework that has been practiced in the Aristotelian tradition and will be evaluated. In this context, the main differences between the limit and function that the modern age brought to logical thought and the logical thought of the classical age will be revealed and a comparison opportunity will be created. Thus, the determination of the main character and direction of today's logical thought will be revealed more clearly. In a more specific context, our study aims to evaluate the orientation of logical thought that emerged in Russell by comparing the character and analytical power of Aristotelian logic. Aristotle's logic is a two-valued logic that develops on the criterion of truth and falsehood. However, this criterion has been used in the grounding of abstract and concrete sciences in a very general context. Its structure, which functions as a tool in the development of scientific thought in modern times, with the logic of being an expert in its fields of interest and being a concrete research subject with its in-depth branching, limited the wide area of Aristotelian logic, which was used especially in the Middle Ages, in its concrete name. With this limitation, the status of logic has been made a subject of discussion again. Especially the new studies in the field of logic in the twentieth century have entered into the task of protecting this new position of logic with precision and drawing boundaries. In the process initiated with Frege in a more concrete way, thinkers who acted in the same context with him tried to clarify this line in their original works. In this study, it is aimed to discuss and analysis Russell's realization of logical thinking in his own understanding and taking into account the definition and epistemic reasons for his criticisms of the traditional logical structure.