Biometric and histological evaluation of the efficiency of biodegradable nanoencapsulated egg yolk oil on the dorsal wound treatment in rats

Wound is the definition given to the deterioration of tissues and structures due to various reasons caused by both internal or external effects. In the past, many drugs and medicinal agents were defined for the treatment of wounds. After 1800's, the production of synthetic drugs was gained attraction and frequently used in the wound treatment. Many chemicals are introduced in the production of synthetic drugs and many of them have beneficial effects as well as side effects such as delayed healing. Besides having side effects, these drugs have benefits such as antibacterial properties and promoted cell regeneration. Wound dressing materials are countless today. In this study, the egg oil obtained from egg yolk was nanoencapsulated (NEYO group) and used as a wound dressing material as a test material. Full-thickness square shaped dermal wound was created on the cranial-dorsal side and another full-thickness wound on the caudal-dorsal side with the dimension of 1x1 cm in all study groups. In both control (C) (n=10) and experimental groups, wounds were washed with sterile saline at first. In the NEYO experimental groups (n=10) a nanoencapsulated agent containing egg yolk oil was used as wound dressing material. In the egg yolk oil (EYO) experimental group (n=10), egg yolk oil was used as bare substance for wound dressing. In the nitrofurantoin (N) group (n=10), a commercial wound dressing nitrofurantoin ointment was used. All wound ointments was applied topically over the dermal wounds for 21 days and closed with sterile bandages till wound scab formation seen for consecutive 3 days at the beginning The weights of all rat groups were measured on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days. Macroscopic photographs of the wounds were taken and the area calculations of the wounds were made for the healing follow up. Millimeter scribed transparent acetate paper was used on wounds for through-view photographs of wounds with each square of 1 mm square to measure wound areas. After the healing period, rats were sacrificed by giving high-dosed anesthesia on the 21st day and excisional biopsy of wound edges and surface was performed for histological examination. In results, there was a significant difference between all groups (p<0.05). The cranial wound measurements of the C, N, EYO and NEYO groups were 10.30; 6.62; 25.37; 0.90 mm2 and caudal wound measurements were 8.30, 4.00; 2.62; 3.20 mm2 respectively. EYO and NEYO groups were found to have accelerated wound healing. In histopathological findings, the difference between four groups in terms of collagen and re-epithelialization formation was statistically significant (p<0.05), while neovascularization was not (p>0.05).