Regional economic integrations and their impact on labor movements:"EU example"

It has been tried to reveal the effects of labor force (labor factor) movements (mobility) on the union economy within the borders of the EU, which is considered to be the most successful example of regional integrations and effective throughout the world, today consisting of 27 member states and having a population of approximately 450 million. In the first section of the study; the reasons of foreign trade and the analysis of foreign trade theories, in the second section; economic integration theory, global and regional economic integrations are included; in the third section labor mobility, the current situation of labor mobility in the EU and Turkey, the latest situation of brain drain in the EU and Turkey are examined. In the study, a qualitative research method was used, in which the data were examined in depth and aiming to reveal the relationships between the data. Labor mobility; as a requirement of the common market stage, which is one of the stages of economic integration, it is one of the fundamental rights granted to workers who are citizens of third countries, if they fulfil certain conditions, as well as workers who are EU citizens within the framework of EU law, which is within the scope of free mobility of persons, which is one of the four fundamental freedoms. As a matter of fact, this right is not unlimited and may be limited in accordance with the principle of proportionality for reasons such as public health, public security and public order. Despite the high population potential of the EU, labour mobility among member states remains at low levels. While the labour force is moving mostly from Central Eastern European Countries and Southern European countries to Northern and Western European countries, it is medium skilled in terms of qualifications and women, in terms of gender, are high. Turkey; Along with the economic, political and social problems, the problems with its neighbours, the nationalist attitudes of the member states, and the prejudices against Turkey negatively affect the EU membership.