Determining the experiences of parents of children with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder: Photovoice method

Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of parents of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through the photovoice method. Material and method: The study employed a qualitative descriptive design, and data were collected through the photovoice method. The research was conducted between May 15 and November 15, 2025, at the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinics of Bingöl State Hospital. The sample included 12 parents of children diagnosed with ADHD. Participants were selected using purposive sampling, and recruitment continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were gathered through a semi-structured interview form and photographs taken by the participants. Individual interviews and group session were held. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, and the findings were organized into themes and subthemes derived from participant statements. Results: Twelve parents of children with ADHD participated in the study. Among the participants, 83.3% were women, with a mean age of 39.8 years; 58.3% were university graduates, and 58.3% were employed. In terms of the children, 66.7% were male, with a mean age of 8.9 years and an average diagnosis duration of 2.25 years. Thematic analysis of the data obtained through the photovoice method revealed four main themes: (i) parenting burden and psychosocial difficulties, (ii) stigmatization, (iii) access to services and challenges in home life, and (iv) coping and resilience. These themes illustrate the multidimensional experiences of parents, encompassing constant supervision, emotional exhaustion, role conflict, social exclusion, inadequate services, and various coping strategies. Conclusion: It was found that parents of children with ADHD experience multifaceted psychosocial challenges in their daily lives, which significantly affect their parenting roles. The photovoice method allowed parents to express their often-unseen experiences both visually and verbally, bringing the core themes to light. Based on our results, we recommend developing psychosocial support programs for parents and raising social awareness.