Disease management of two important bacterial diseases on tomato by using nanoparticles, some chemicals and plant activators

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, causal agent of Bacterial Canker and Wilt Disease and Xanthomonas perforans causal agent of Bacterial Spot Disease are the main pathogens on/in tomatoes. In this study, the effects of two nanomaterials (nano silver AgNps and nano copper CuNps), a plant activator (ISR2000), a commercial fungicide called KOCIDE, and two new chemical compounds named sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPP) and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) were investigated on Bacterial Canker and Wilt diseases caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Bacterial Spot disease caused by Xanthomonas perforans on/in tomatoes. While nanomaterials (AgNps and CuNps) and chemicals (SPP and DOT) showed promising results in vitro trials, they could not achieve the same effect in vivo trials. In particular, SPP and DOT exhibited phytotoxic effects on tomato leaves. Therefore, further research should be conducted on combining these chemicals as active ingredients in pesticides. In greenhouse and climate chamber trials, ISR2000 significantly reduced disease severity, emerging as the most successful application. This application has suppressed Bacterial Wilt Disease by 77.91%, Bacterial Spot Disease by 54.84% in tomato plants, and Seedborne Bacterial Spot Disease by 84.64%. KOCIDE, a copper-based preparation, was another successful application by effectively suppressing disease severity. This application has suppressed Bacterial Wilt Disease by 46.25%, Bacterial Spot Disease by 22.79% in tomato plants, and Seedborne Bacterial Spot Disease by 80,41%. These results demonstrate that plant resilience-enhancing preparations are the most successful treatments in suppressing infection, especially against chemical-resistant pathogens. These applications are of great importance as alternative environmentally friendly approaches, particularly against chemical-resistant pathogens. Keywords: Nanoparticular, bacterial spot, bacterial wilt, SPP, DOT