The effect of motivational interviewing based on Watson's theory of human caring on treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and satisfaction in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: A randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the serious complications of diabetes, reducing patients' quality of life and hindering treatment adherence. Watson's Theory of Human Caring (THC) provides a holistic care approach, while Motivational Interviewing (MI) is an effective method for improving individuals' health behaviors. This study aims to determine the effects of MI based on THC on treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and satisfaction in individuals with DFUs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized controlled single-blind experimental study was conducted in a training and research hospital with 73 patients diagnosed with first-degree diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) according to the Wagner classification (intervention group = 37, control group = 36). The intervention group received MI based on THC once a week for eight weeks. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Diabetic Foot Assessment Form, Medication Adherence Report Scale, Foot Care Behavior Scale, Wound Size, HbA1c Level, Diabetic Foot Care Self-Efficacy Scale, and Patient Satisfaction Assessment Form. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0, employing t-tests and chi-square analysis, with a significance level set at p<0.05. RESULTS: In the intervention group, statistically significant improvements were observed in medication adherence, foot care behavior, wound size, HbA1c levels, and self-efficacy (p<0.05). While notable enhancements in medication adherence and self-efficacy were detected in the intervention group, no significant changes were found in the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Motivational Interviewing (MI) based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring (THC) has been found effective in improving treatment adherence, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers. Keywords: Diabetic foot ulcer, Human caring theory, Motivational interviewing, Treatment adherence, Self-efficacy, Patient satisfaction.