Investigation of the biomass energy potential of the eastern anatolia region and southeastern anatolia region and a design of a farm/village type biogas plant

Biomass energy is a significant alternative energy source, distinguished by both its sustainability and its potential to generate energy from local resources. Determining, evaluating, and effectively utilizing Türkiye's biomass energy potential at the national and regional levels is of great importance. This thesis investigates the biomass energy profiles and examines the biomass energy potentials of the provinces in the Eastern Anatolia Region (Ağrı, Ardahan, Bingöl, Bitlis, Elazığ, Erzincan, Erzurum, Hakkari, Iğdır, Kars, Malatya, Muş, Tunceli, Van) and the Southeastern Anatolia Region (Adıyaman, Batman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Kilis, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Siirt, Şırnak). Theoretical and economic energy equivalents of animal waste, plant waste, municipal waste, and forest waste from the provinces of the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions were examined. Using this data, the total biomass energy potential of the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions was determined. Current installed capacities and biomass energy plant potential data for the provinces of both regions were also analyzed. The thesis also examines in detail the biogas production potential from animal sources (cattle, sheep, and poultry) in both regions' provinces and determines their electrical energy equivalents. Finally, a farm/village-type biogas plant design was developed. The existing opportunities and areas for development in biomass energy production in the Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia Regions were identified; and suggestions were presented for evaluating these regions in line with energy supply security and sustainable development goals. The results show that the regions possess significant potential in biomass-based energy production and that infrastructure investments, incentive mechanisms, and planning studies are needed to effectively utilize this potential.