The role of Ebû Musû el-Ashʻari in the arbitration incident and its reflections on the history of sects

In the study titled "The Role of Abu Mûsâ al-Ash'ari in the Tahkîm Incident and Its Reflection in the History of Sects"; the Tahkîm Incident, which was the period of emergence of Islamic sects, and the developments that followed, and the role of Abu Mûsâ al-Ash'ari in this process are discussed. Abu Mûsâ lived a stable, calm, modest life throughout his life, far from ostentation. He was raised under the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad, fulfilled the duties given by him properly, and most importantly, he successfully served as a governor and judge during the reign of the first three caliphs. The "fitna" incidents that started with the martyrdom of Hz. Osman made the line that Abu Mûsâ followed even more important. He stuck to the decisions he thought were right without fighting with the authority; he showed passive resistance by not rebelling against the decisions he did not find right. Thus, we can say that Abu Mûsâ is, in a sense, one of the most important early representatives of the movement defined today as "civil disobedience".Especially in the Siffin war, when Muawiyah's side was close to defeat, Amr b. As's call to resort to "the arbitration of the Quran" and the subsequent arbitration committee formed, and the crisis that occurred between Amr b. As and Abu Mûsâ al-Ash'ari; have still not been understood correctly. For this reason, the Umayyad Caliph Omar b. Abdul Aziz said, "Allah did not let our swords get involved in those seditions, so let us not let our tongues get involved" and followed the method Abu Mûsâ followed.The principle of impartiality and determination to "stay away from sedition" that Abu Mûsâ al-Ash'ari followed in all these developments caused different effects and interpretations on the sects.Today, some people attribute these debates to the Shia's exaggeration in the narrations; others state that such developments were inevitable in the historical conditions of that time.