Energy efficiency investigation of power trains of electric vehicles

The growth of the share of electric vehicles in total passenger vehicle sales is increasing day by day and is expected to become a very large Sunday segment by 2030. However, higher powertrain costs, limited driving range, comfort, high speed, such as some existing limitations reduce the popularity of electric vehicles. In this study, the degree to which the energy efficiency of electric vehicles in the powertrain is necessary, the types of transmissions used in electric vehicles and their working principles were examined, and electric motors and batteries were discussed in detail in order to better understand the energy efficiency in the powertrain. By comparing the energy consumption with the literature evaluation in a comprehensive manner, it aims to improve the energy consumption in all the equipment from the battery to the wheel of the new types of electric vehicles to be produced in the future. Today, studies on alternative solutions to fixed gear ratio transmission systems, which are widely preferred in electric vehicles, have attracted attention. As a result of the literature reviewed, it has been revealed that the use of gearboxes in electric vehicles is not an absolute necessity in terms of energy efficiency, but optimized transmission systems can provide significant improvements in performance and energy use. It is predicted that innovative transmission technologies, which will be designed especially in accordance with the characteristics of electric motors, will bring energy savings to critical levels by increasing range and driving dynamics.