Erişkin hematoloji polikliniğine ilk başvurusunda pansitopeni saptanan hastalarda etiyoloji

Etiology of Patients with Pancytopenia at the First Application to Adult Hematology Outpatient Clinic İntroduction: Pancytopenia is a medical condition in which all three serial elements in peripheral blood are below normal reference values. In patients with pancytopenia, it is critical to initiate appropriate treatment according to the results of diagnostic studies with etiology as well as supportive treatments. Knowledge of possible etiologic causes by centers may contribute to the differential diagnosis of pancytopenic cases earlier. In this study, we aimed to investigate the etiological causes of patients with pancytopenia in the first evaluation by adult hematology clinic. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with pancytopenia at the first presentation of the hematology outpatient clinic or in the first consultations between 2009 and 2018 were included in our study. A total of 467 patients with pancytopenia were included in this retrospective study. Pancytopenia was defined as the hemoglobin value being <13 g/dL in males (<12 g/dL in females), leukocytes <4.0 x103/microL and platelet <150 x103/microL. The causes of pancytopenia and the laboratory parameters in the first evaluation were evaluated retrospectively. Results: 467 patients with pancytopenia were included in the study retrospectively. Of 467 patients, 215 (46.0%) were female and 252 (54.0%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 56.2 ± 19.351 years. In our study the most common cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia with 116 (24.8%) patients, followed by 60 (12.8%) patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, 56 (12.0%) with infectious diseases, 55 (11.8%) patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and the others. In the first hemogram evaluation of 467 patients diagnosed with pancytopenia, the mean hemoglobin value was 8.66 ± 2.50 g/dL, leukocyte count was 2.54 ± 0.96 x103/microL and thrombocyte count was 67.88 ± 40.03 x103/microL. Conclusion: In this retrospective study, megaloblastic anemia was found to be the most common cause in patients with pancytopenia at the time of diagnosis. In our study, acute myeloblastic leukemias were the second and infections were the third most common cause of pancytopenia. Keywords: Pancytopenia, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Neutropenia