Development of a GNSS anti spoofing receiver architecture

GNSS spoofing attacks are conducted to deceive a GNSS receiver by imitating satellite signals, making it appear to be at a different location than it actually is. These attacks threaten the security of GNSS receivers used in critical applications such as aviation, military operations, and autonomous vehicles, and, consequently, the security of these applications. With the proliferation of radio frequency modules, these attacks have rapidly advanced, making the development of anti-spoofing measures essential. Anti-spoofing measures are features added to receivers to counter these spoofing attacks, and an anti-spoofing receiver architecture involves integrating various techniques and methods into receivers to effectively detect and mitigate such threats. In this study, spoofing attacks found in the literature were comprehensively examined. Different types of spoofing attacks, their underlying mechanisms, and their potential impacts on various systems were systematically described. The effects of these attacks, their complexity levels, and the challenges encountered in detecting and preventing them have been systematically described in detail. These descriptions aim to emphasize the severity of the threats posed by various spoofing techniques and the complexities involved in their detection and mitigation processes. Additionally, various anti-spoofing methods applied against these attacks were also examined. Each method was critically evaluated in terms of its effectiveness, with attention given to the scenarios in which they are most and least effective. Through a series of experimental studies, specific weaknesses and limitations of the existing anti-spoofing measures were identified. These weaknesses were carefully analyzed to explain their causes and potential risks. Based on the findings from these analyses, a new and reliable anti-spoofing architecture was proposed to address the shortcomings of current measures. This proposed architecture aims not only to mitigate known vulnerabilities but also to offer a more adaptable and resilient defense mechanism capable of responding to emerging threats. The proposed solution was thoroughly evaluated for its practicality and effectiveness in real-world applications, making a significant contribution to efforts to enhance security.