Determination of physical and chemical properties of göynük canyon surface waters and stream sediments

Due to increasing population, agricultural and industrial activities, supply of clean water as well as protection of existing waters has become an important problem. Therefore, detailed hydrogeochemical and physicochemical characteristics of surface waters and stream sediments of Göynük Canyon (Antalya/Turkey) were evaluated in this thesis. For this purpose, a total of 44 water and sediment samples were taken. The average hardness level of the waters is within drinkable limits; neutral to slightly basic in terms of pH, classified as "fresh water" and suitable for irrigation purposes; supersaturated in aragonite, dolomite and calcite. The cation and anions concentrations showed the following order: cations, Ca2+> Mg2+>Na+>K+; anions, HCO3-> SO42-> Cl-> F- > NO3-. All water samples are in the "Rock Dominated" category. According to HPI and HEI index results, it is considered that there is no health threatening anomaly. According to the PoS index, As, Pb and Mn anomalies were observed in some samples. However, according to the Igeo index, anomalies are present only for Pb, Cr and Sr. Since all values are well below the limit according to MI and WPI indices, no anomalies were observed. The dominant water types are Ca-Mg-HCO3, Mg-Ca-HCO3, Ca-Mg-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Mg-HCO3-Cl water facies. It was observed that sediments were deposited in active and passive continental margin environments, trace element distributions were controlled by the richness of terrestrial clastic material and rare earth elements were controlled by terrogenic materials. Finally, it is recommended to avoid unnecessary water use and agricultural practices that may be harmful to the environment and to continuously monitor Göynük Canyon surface water quality.