The concept of shāz in the period of the formation of hadīth science and Hanafīs' understanding of shāz

In this study, the process of the term "shāz" becoming a term of articulation since its formation is examined within the framework of the usage of both muhaddiths and Hanafī jurists. The research focuses on the issues that represent the nature of the concept of shāz, which has an extremely important place in the hadīth methodology, and the process it went through. The works of various genres (such as ilal, sualāt, rijīl, cerh-ta'dīl, and hadīth usūl) written in the period after the rules of isnad and cerh-ta'dīl were written down contributed to the understanding and determination of the process of the concept of shāz. The introduction provides information about the subject, importance, purpose, method, sources, and originality of the study. In the first chapter, the use of shāz by the hadīth scholars of the ancients is analyzed and the elements that constitute the foundations of the concept are emphasized. Starting from Shu'be b. Hajjāj, who was the first to use the concept, to al-Hākim al-Nīsābūrī, this study evaluates the meanings attributed to the aforementioned term and compares the opinions of the muhaddithis. In addition, other hadith terms that are directly related to shāz are analyzed. In addition, various examples representing the muhaddithis' understanding of shāz are presented. Thus, the practical manifestation of the different definitions is tried to be revealed. In the second part, the meanings that Hanafī scholars attributed to the concept of shāz were examined and the impact of these meanings on fiqh rulings was analyzed. In this context, the shāz expressions used by the jurists in the criticism of narrations, starting from Abū Hanīfa to Serahsī, are analyzed. Thus, the place of the concept, which is the subject of the study, in the Hanafīs' understanding of sunnah was tried to be determined. In parallel with the first section, the faqaha's use of shāz is also classified under different headings and examples are given. In addition, the concepts directly related to the concept of shāz in Hanafī procedural works are discussed and the connection between these concepts is analyzed. Finally, the understanding of shāz of two schools, namely muhaddiths and fuqaha, is compared and their differences and common points are tried to be determined. As a result, the formation of hadith terms specific to the concept of shāz and the different uses in this process are analyzed. Key Words: Hadith, Usūl, Hanafī, Concept, Criticism, Shāz.