Ham petrol distilasyon ünitesinin proses simülasyonu ve optimizasyonu

In the present study simulation and optimization of crude distillation Unit of Erbil Refinery by HYSYS simulation program has been carried out with the aim of increasing the efficiency of this plant. Different alternatives were evaluated with using the different operational variables, such as the temperature of the kerosene removal plate, the top temperature of the distilling tower, the stripping steam flow, the transfer temperature and the top pressure of the tower. In order to determine the influence each variable on the performance of the unit, one of the variables was changed while keeping the rest of variables to be constant. It was determined that the yield of kerosene increased to be 5.98 % by varying the temperature of the kerosene removal plate from 202 ˚C to 206 ˚C. This variation causes an increase in sulfur content and a decrease in diesel cutting since a part of diesel converts into kerosene. It was observed that reducing the cap temperature from 153 ˚C to 150 ˚C helped to increase low rate of kerosene from 3.2 m3/h to 4.7 m3/h while flow rate of naphtha decreased from 32 m3/h to 30 m3/h since some of naphtha became a part of kerosene that decreased sulfur content in kerosene. It was demonstrated that the increases of both the stripping steam flow in the bottom of the distilling tower and the tower feeding temperature increase flow rates of both the kerosene and the naphtha cuts from 3.2 m3/h to 7 m3/h and from 32 m3/h to 35 m3/h, respectively. It was noted that the adjustment generates the greatest impact on the yields of the products with the highest commercial value without generating additional costs. In other words, the reduction of the pressure from 1.7 kg/cm2 to 1.5 kg/cm2 is enough to accomplish this. It was observed that the optimum operation conditions determined by the simulation increased the efficiency of the plant since the yields of both kerosene and naphtha increased to be 5.98 % with the specified quality and 29.91% with the specified quality, respectively. As a result, there are increases in the recoveries of kerosene, naphtha and diesel, which are highly demanded since they are greater commercially-valuable products than the residue. An increase in commercially-valuable products (lighter cuts) than the residue is of great importance for this study.