Biodiesel production process optimization from mustard oil and the effects on engine performance

In this study, the process of biodiesel production from mustard oil was optimized using a single-stage alkaline catalyst (NaOH). Optimization process was carried out depending on parameters such as catalyst concentration, methanol-oil ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The optimum biodiesel conversion efficiency was obtained to be 89,67% at 0,75% catalyst concentration, 20% methanol-oil ratio, 90 minutes reaction time, and 60 °C reaction temperature. The fuel properties of biodiesel obtained under optimal conditions were determined. B50 fuel was obtained by mixing biodiesel (B100) with diesel fuel in 50% rate in volume. The effects of these fuels (B100 and B50) on engine performance and emissions were investigated on a direct-injection, single cylinder diesel engine. With the use of B100 and B50 fuels, engine power and torque decreased whereas specific fuel consumption increased in comparison to diesel fuel. It is observed that there are developments with regard to CO and NOx emissions when compared to the diesel fuel.