الظواهر البلاغية وأثرها في بناء المعاني الصوفية في شعر ابن الفارض

This study aims to examine the rhetorical phenomena in Ibn al-Fāriḍ's poetry as central instruments in constructing Sufi meanings and shaping the spiritual experience that characterizes his poetic discourse. As one of the foremost poets of Islamic mysticism, Ibn al-Fāriḍ distinguished himself by transforming language into a medium capable of carrying profound spiritual significations; thus, rhetoric becomes an essential component in the architecture of his mystical vision. The research analyzes rhetorical devices—particularly metaphor, simile, figurative expression, metonymy, and Qur'anic allusions—to reveal how these tools function in expressing Sufi concepts such as annihilation (fanāʾ), union (ittiḥād), divine love, and spiritual manifestations. The study investigates the relationship between linguistic form and spiritual meaning, demonstrating that rhetoric is not merely ornamental but operates as a foundational mechanism that generates and deepens mystical significance. The significance of the research lies in its methodological approach, which integrates rhetorical analysis with Sufi studies. It contributes to critical and literary scholarship by clarifying the impact of stylistic elements on Sufi meaning, and by presenting an analytical model that can be applied to other mystical texts. Moreover, by examining Ibn al-Fāriḍ's poetry through a holistic lens—encompassing both rhetoric and spirituality—the study offers an original contribution to the field. The choice of topic is motivated by several factors: the distinguished status of Sufi poetry within Arabic literature; Ibn al-Fāriḍ's unique ability to merge profound spirituality with elevated rhetoric; and the limited number of analytical, application-based studies that address the role of rhetoric in conveying Sufi meanings in his work. Additionally, exploring the relationship between rhetoric and mystical meaning enables readers and researchers to perceive the spiritual experience more deeply and illustrates how language can serve as a vehicle for expressing the highest levels of human ecstasy. The central problem of the research may be formulated as follows: How do rhetorical devices in Ibn al-Fāriḍ's poetry influence the expression and performance of Sufi meanings? This main question is further broken down into sub-questions concerning the stylistic and rhetorical characteristics of his poetry, the role of metaphor and other figurative devices in expressing mystical concepts, the effect of rhetoric on conveying spiritual experience to the reader, and whether Ibn al-Fāriḍ employs distinctive rhetorical techniques compared with other Sufi poets. Thus, the study seeks to uncover the profound rhetorical structure underlying Ibn al-Fāriḍ's poetic discourse, to demonstrate how this structure shapes the mystical experience, and to show how language and spirit merge harmoniously within the poetic framework.