Contemporary transformations of physical education in II. constitutional period

In this study, determination and evaluation of judicial practices that provide legal basis for physical education practices, reflection of these practices in the educational institutions, teacher training efforts, supervisions to provide contemporary vision in physical education, sports facilities and equipment, prominent figures in the field of physical education, contributions of directors to physical education, publishing activities in order to transform the field of physical education, contemporary transformations that festivals and paramilitary youth activities resulted are aimed.In this study, document investigation ?in the other words historical methodology?, which is a kind of qualitative research approach, is used. Time interval is defined as between 1908 ? 1918 and the primary sources dating back to mentioned years are benefited in this study.As findings of this study reveal, official legislations that are declared in order to establish strong basis for the field of physical education are considered as a strong tool for effective transformation of physical education in II. Constitutional Period. In addition, physical education courses, to which pedagogical, paramilitary and bio-political meanings are attributed, had taken place in the curriculum of the schools. In the same period, outputs of teacher training efforts by using equity are also observed. Selim Sırrı Bey aimed to fix the problems of physical education resulting from previous wrong practices and disseminated the practices of Swedish gymnastics in his inspection studies. Sports facilities and gymnastics equipment were made suitable for Swedish gymnastics practices in this period. Besides, periodicals and translated works were published in order to encourage physical training in and outside the schools. National holiday meetings which were organized by schools and clubs took important role in the formation of excitement and enthusiasm in gymnastics. In the same period, youth organizations which have paramilitary aims benefited from the physical education practices.To conclude, contrary to pre - II. Constitutional Period in which no or very few studies had been conducted; many studies in contemporary approach in quantitative and qualitative manner had been conducted in the field of physical education despite the difficulties faced in II. Constitutional Period. Studies conducted in II. Constitutional Period defined basis for future studies that would be held on Republican Period. Keywords: Constitutional Period, Modernization, Education, Physical Education, Gymnastics