The approach of theology faculty students to belief systems: The example of MCBÜ Theology Faculty

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the approaches of the students of Manisa Celal Bayar University Faculty of Theology towards different belief movements such as Ahl al-Sunnah, Mutazila, Deism, Agnosticism and Atheism within the framework of various socio-demographic variables. The sample of the study consists of a total of 292 students studying at the faculty in the 2024-2025 academic year, from the preparatory and 1st to 4th grades. The survey model, which is one of the quantitative research methods, was used as a method in the study. Scientific and academic studies on the subject were scanned by the researcher, the literature was analysed and compiled under relevant headings and reflected in the study. The questionnaire form was prepared using a 5-point Likert-type scale and analysed with frequency, percentage, mean, correlation and non-parametric tests through SPSS 27.0 software. The findings obtained during the research process revealed that the majority of the students belong to Ahl al-Sunnah sect. As a result of mean and frequency analyses, it was determined that the attitudes towards Ahl al-Sunnah belief were at the highest level. As a result of correlation analyses, positive and significant relationships were found between atheism and agnosticism, deism and mutazila, and atheism and mutazila. In addition, it was seen that variables such as class level, level of religiosity, vocational orientation after graduation, place of residence before school and reason for department preference had significant effects especially on belief movements such as Atheism, Agnosticism and Mutazila. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the classical religious understanding continues strongly in the belief approaches of the students; however, especially during the university education process, questioning and rational tendencies also develop and intellectual transitions towards alternative belief systems can be formed.