Numerical investigation of filler materials used in dentistry for dentals with advanced damage

In the case of diet, some genetic factors and insufficient attention to oral care, tooth enamel is damaged and finally caries occur in the teeth. Treatment is the process of removing the damaged part of the tooth and the soft tissue (pulp) in the middle of the tooth, filling it with a suitable filling material in such a way that it is sealed and provides chewing function. The most common of major damage to the pulp are; broken or cracked tooth, the same tooth has been treated many times, or the caries is too deep. As a result of the progression of dental caries, infection occurs, and after the onset of long-term mild pain, severe pain occurs at night, waking up from sleep. For this reason, the first intervention to be made is root canal treatment to prevent tooth extraction. With this method, damaged teeth are treated. The tooth to which root canal treatment is applied performs its duties in a healthy way for all teeth in the mouth, even though it loses its vitality. Since the nerves are removed after the root canal treatment, there is no pain in the tooth, the tooth becomes numb and does not cause hot-cold sensitivity. After root canal treatment, infection of the root tip and/or loss of the filling for any reason cause the treatment to be renewed. However, after the treatment is applied several times, the root canal treatment will become unapplied and will cause tooth deficiency. In this case, root canal treatment will not be a definitive solution for the complete elimination of such ailments, and there is no other type of treatment that can be an alternative to this treatment. Within the scope of this study, some of the materials that are frequently used in caries and root canal treatment have good compressive stresses, while others have good thermal stresses. There is no single filling material that can meet both. The thermal and compression stress analyzes of each of the solid tooth and filling materials were performed simultaneously and their behavior was determined. In order to examine the filling materials used in solid teeth and dentistry, 3 different models were created with the help of CAD programs and transferred to the Ansys program. The temperature distribution of the teeth at the end of t=1, t= 8 and t= 16 s as a result of 100N force, together with drinking a hot beverage (60°C) and drinking a cold beverage (7°C) as the boundary condition for these models, von-mises stresses and displacements are investigated. It is called the ratio of the change in length of the material to its initial length (strain). On the intact and damaged teeth, 4 points were selected from the crown to the root, and the temperature distribution at these points and the total mechanical and thermal equivalent strains were examined. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that in the case of healthy teeth and damaged (filled) teeth drinking a cold beverage (7°C), the compression of the healthy teeth and fillings and the von Mises stresses in the teeth are higher than in the case of drinking a hot beverage (60°C). In the case of drinking a hot beverage (60°C), the highest von Mises stress was observed in teeth with porcelain filling, and the lowest von Mises stress was observed in teeth with amalgam fillings. While the lowest displacement occurs in the teeth with porcelain fillings, they are the fillings that undergo the most displacement in the teeth with composite fillings. Similarly, in the case of drinking a cold beverage (7°C), the highest von Mises stress was observed in teeth with porcelain filling, and the lowest von Mises stress was observed in teeth with amalgam fillings. While the lowest displacement occurs in the teeth with porcelain filling, the most displacement is in the teeth with composite application. In the case of drinking a hot beverage (60°C) and drinking a cold beverage (7°C), amalgam filling has the highest heat conduction from the crown part of the tooth to the root part, and the filling with the lowest heat conduction is porcelain filling teeth. The filling material that conducts the heat transfer closest to the healthy tooth is the teeth with glass ionomer application.