Inventory of emissions from residential heating in Istanbul

In this study, a local emission inventory for residental heating sources was prepared in the city of Istanbul. The emissions of main pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) were calculated by using emission factors for the winter (November-March) of 2009 - 2010. Spatial distribution maps of the emissions for all pollutants were plotted using a geographical information system (GIS) for a study area of 170 km by 85. Two different fossil fuel types; natural gas and lignite were used in emission calculations. In winter total seasonal consumptions for natural gas and lignite were 2,261,033,334 m3 and 1,228,653 tons, respectively. Total seasonal emissions for SO2, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, CO, VOC, CO2, N2O and CH4 were estimated as 21,429; 8,460; 11,046; 10,883; 127,671; 13,967; 7,130,209; 8,564 and 49 tons, respectively.