Investigation of serum MicroRNAs inpre-diabetes and newly diagnosedType 2 diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that threatens humanity and is spreading like an epidemic. The aim of our study was to identify and determine the biomarker candidacy of miRNA-30d, miRNA-124, and miRNA-29a and their relationship with the risk classes of the disease. A total of 90 people were included in the study, and the analyses were performed using serum samples from 60 diabetic patients and 30 healthy controls. The average age of the groups was 43, but women were more common in the control and prediabetes groups, while men were more common in the diabetes group (p = 0.030). Significant differences were observed between groups for glucose, HbA1c, insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides among the 17 biochemical parameters analyzed. The analyses of the target miRNAs were performed using real-time PCR, and as a result, it was determined that the expression of miRNA-30d and miRNA-124 increased in prediabetes patients (group 2), while the expression of miRNA-29a decreased. In T2DM patients (group 3), miRNA-30d levels increased, while miRNA-124 and miRNA-29a levels decreased. These findings reveal potential changes in miRNA expression associated with different stages of DM. However, only miRNA-30d (p = 0.002) in prediabetics and miRNA-29a (p = 0.004) in T2DM were found to be significant. As expected, the ROC analysis confirmed that only miRNA-30d and miRNA-29a could be biomarker candidates. In addition to these findings, miRNA-30d, miRNA-124, and miRNA-29a expression levels were significantly higher in prediabetes patients than in T2DM patients (p values: 0.006, 0.032, and 0.011, respectively). This difference suggests the presence of potential miRNA changes associated with the transition from prediabetes to T2DM. Correlation analysis also suggested that miRNA-29a regulates insulin resistance, while miRNA-30d and miRNA-124 regulate disease progression. In conclusion, it is clear that miRNA-30d and miRNA-29a should be considered molecular biomarkers in diagnosing and developing treatment strategies for prediabetes and T2DM. Their inclusion in standard assessment criteria will contribute to the more effective application of personalized treatment methods by evaluating the clinical data of prediabetes and T2DM patients with a higher accuracy rate. Key Words: Diabetes Mellitus, miRNA-29, miRNA-30, miRNA-124