State intervention in economic activity in islam and other economic systems (A comparative economic law study)

İn Islam the state is accepted as the highest and indispensable institution in order to regulate the lifestyle, to realize legitimate goals, to ensure material and spiritual welfare, to protect and spread belief. This is done on the basis of integration and cooperation between (the state) and (individuals who want to make full use of their economic freedom without arbitrariness or prejudice, in accordance with Islamic Sharia to realize various aspects of economic activity) to achieve the public interest. This Islamic view differs from the various human-made systems of capitalism and socialism in its principle of state intervention and its role in economic activity. Apart from the economic freedoms of individuals, they are also free to engage in economic activities and try to adapt them in a way that is consistent with the existing system in these countries, whether capitalist or socialist. In the first part, I discussed the intervention of the state in the economic process in Islam. As for the second part: I have discussed the state intervention in the economic process in the capitalist system. And in the third part: I discussed state intervention in economic activity in the socialist system. Among the most important results we achieved: In applying what has been explored through this study, economic solutions from the Islamic perspective range from achieving the interest of the individual and society without wasting either of them. In this way, it differs from capitalist solutions in which only the interest of the individual can be achieved, as well as from socialist solutions in which only the interest of the society is reached. In this study, we have seen the fruit of this reconciliation between the interest of the individual and the interest of the society, the most important Islamic economic principles both in the field of economic freedom and in the field of state intervention in economic activity. It should be noted that it is a big mistake to try to connect the Islamic economy to one of the capitalist or socialist economists, or to think that I am the domain of economic freedom and state intervention in economic activity. Most importantly, it is a composite mood between individualism (capitalism) and collectivism (socialism), each taking one side or borrowing from the other, that guarantees healing and harms the community. If the two interests contradict each other, then it puts the interests of society before those of the individual by adopting the legality of reversing the greater harm with the lesser harm. If two interests collide, it is necessary to take into account the greatest harm with the least harm. Economic freedom is considered an inviolable personal right as long as individuals are bound, as in Islamic economics the freedom of the individual is a divine succession and a divine gift, established where God makes laws and reigns. It gets up where Allah commands and stops where it is forbidden. And this deviation in the application of economic freedom from the limits of the Islamic approach will threaten the interests of the society. This requires limiting abuses and securing individual and collective rights. State intervention is limited to the provision of public interest and the extent of the need that requires intervention. KEYWORDS:Islamic Economics, Economic Systems, Law, Economics in Islam Fatwas January 2022, 109 Page