Artificial neural networks modeling and thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of geothermal and solar energy use in electricity and hydrogen generation, heating and cooling

The aim of this thesis is to develop suitable models for the use of geothermal and solar energy for electricity and hydrogen production as well as for heating and cooling. After the thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the developed models, the models are designed using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and optimized with the Genetic Algorithm method. As a result of this study, it is aimed to use geothermal and solar energy with the most suitable system and system combinations under appropriate operating conditions in the production of different energy forms. Parametric analysis of the models at different geothermal source temperatures and varying solar radiation are performed. As a result of the optimization studies of the models, optimum operating conditions have been obtained that will maximize power, heating, and cooling production and minimize the unit costs of the unit electricity produced, hydrogen, heating, and cooling. The systems examined are modeled in a computer environment with the help of EES, MATLAB, and Aspen Plus, and all analyzes are performed using these programs. In the analysis of the models, the temperature of the geothermal fluid is 130ºC, its mass flow is 85 kg/s and the monthly average solar radiation intensity is 600 W/m2. The total net power output of Model 1, electricity generation from stored hydrogen as a support to the grid, and hydrogen production capacity is calculated to be 4569 kW, 3180 kW and 0.0185 kg/s, respectively. Model 2 has a total net power output of 3061 kW and a cooling capacity of 2761 kW. The total net power output of Model 3, electricity generation from stored hydrogen as a support to the grid, heating capacity and hydrogen production capacity is calculated to be 3285 kW, 2252 kW, 10,274 kW and 0.0154 kg/s, respectively. As a result of ANN-based optimization, the unit cost of electricity and hydrogen produced in Model 1 is calculated to be 0.077 $/kWh and 1.921 $/kg hydrogen, respectively. The unit cost of electricity and cooling produced in Model 2 is 0.014 $/kWh and 0.052 $/kWh, respectively. The unit cost of electricity, hydrogen and heating produced in Model 3 is calculated as 0.0778 $/kWh, 1.491 $/kg hydrogen and 0.0050 $/kWh, respectively.