An analysis of the Karabakh problem from Turkey and Russian Federation perspective

Considering the historical transformation in the Karabakh problem, the first cores of the demographic formation and change of the region were laid with the Treaty of Gulistan signed between Tsarist Russia and Iran in 1813. It is possible to say that the first step of the historical rivalry of Tsarist Russia and Iran over the Azerbaijan lands was taken on October 12, 1813, when the Azerbaijani lands were divided into two in the Gulistan village of Karabakh. Thus, apart from the Irevan and Nakhchivan khanates, the north of the Aras River was merged with Tsarist Russia, and the south with Iran. With the Turkmenchay agreement signed between Russia and Iran in the ongoing process, a more suitable ground has been created for the implementation of Russia's strategy in the region. With this treaty, the entry of Iran, Revan and Nakhchivan into Russian domination became official on the legal basis. This situation was acknowledged by the Ottoman Empire with the 1829 Treaty of Edirne. With this treaty, which caused the Turkish population to be divided into two parts in the geography of Azerbaijan, this problem has reached the present day as a historical issue and has continued to be on the agenda as an issue that still continues to be active. After this decision, Russia consciously started to settle the Armenian population in Iran, Ottoman and Russia, especially in Revan, in these lands. The geography in question, where the Turkish population was the majority before the Armenian population was settled in the region, was transformed into a region dominated by the Armenian population as a result of Russia's "demographic strategies". When the "Cold War" period was reached, this issue, which was a chilled problem in the region, started to come to the fore with conflicts, especially after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that this process, which started with the occupation of Azerbaijani lands by the Armenian administration, was evaluated within the scope of the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan by many international organizations, especially the United Nations, Armenia continued its occupying position in the region. While many people lost their lives during the attacks of Armenia in the region, a significant part of the settled population had to migrate from their lands. In the historical and economic context, Nagorno-Karabakh has attracted the enthusiasm of global actors with its proximity to the Caspian Sea in terms of underground riches. Therefore, "Dağlık-Karabakh" has become one of the important competitive areas because it is located in the heart of a region that is important for today's world, where energy crises and demands are increasing.