Evaluation of industrial heritage areas by participant planning approach: Evaluation on Ereğli train station and Sümerbank weaving factory complex

The industrial revolution brought great changes in almost all the dynamics of the city and society. With the industrial revolution, industrial cities began to form, as a result of which there were rapid population and urbanization movements in the cities. Industrial structures that remained in the city center with rapid urbanization started to choose places on the peripheries of newly formed cities and on important transportation networks in the lands coming from the city center as a result of technological developments in the 20th century. The old/inactive industrial structures in the center of the city and their location have become an important rent center and have begun to collapse over time. The concept of industrial heritage has been put forward by some non-governmental organizations as a reaction to the destruction of these areas due to their features such as being seen as important cultural structures witnessing the social, economic and production history of the society and their architectural aesthetic value. Important industrial countries have made re-functioning practices in order to protect the industrial areas that remained in the city centers. Re-functioning is very valuable for the protection and sustainability of these areas. Successful results have been obtained in Europe by ensuring the protection-use balance of these structures in a healthy way. There are two main issues behind the successful results. The first of these is to evaluate the heritage buildings in terms of their spatial and regional characteristics, not on the scale of a single building. The second is that local people decide the future of the area together with the original owners of the heritage item, such as non-governmental organizations, with participatory approaches. The intersection of the concept of participation and the way of planning In the 1960s, it was observed that the practices made on dealing with urban problems only physically and solving problems independently of the urbanites were insufficient in solving urban problems, and the view of participatory planning emerged as a result of the social movements experienced in this period. Movements such as women's rights, anti-war, civil rights, student movements in Paris during this period, and the discourses of peace, freedom and equality experienced throughout Europe in this period were important factors in bringing the concept of participation to the agenda. In almost the same period, technological developments and changes in the production style and process brought about spatial and spatial changes. Industrial areas needed larger areas with the developing technology. Factories have started to be located in the city's periphery, cheaper and close to large transportation axes, due to reasons such as the lack of large-scale areas in the city center, the high land value, and the high traffic load in the center. As a result, it was abandoned, including the industrial buildings and annexes in the city center. Abandoned industrial areas have been argued to be cultural heritage on the grounds that they shed light on the cultural and economic life of a period, and the concept of industrial heritage has emerged as a result of the conservation efforts of these structures. Until today, industrial heritage sites in Europe and in our country have both been taken under protection and re-functionalized. In our country, the concepts of participatory planning and industrial heritage have recently started to gain an important place. When the national and international participatory planning and design examples are examined, it is seen that each participation process has different actors and levels. While the public plays a greater role among the participants in international examples, provincial and district municipalities come to the fore in our country. In addition, when the examples are examined, different participation methods such as bicycle tours, project website, neighborhood house, exhibitions, inner city video-sound recording installations, neighborhood tours, project newspaper, as well as classical participation methods such as meetings, surveys and competitions have been tried. When the re-functioning examples of national and international industrial heritage areas are examined, international applications appear as successful applications associated with the building and its environment. In our country, although the functionalization is mostly at the scale of a single building, there are important examples associated with the building and its environment. The railway and Sümerbank weaving factory, which were among the important economic breakthroughs of both the Ottoman and the Republican periods in the Ereğli district of Konya, remained both inactive and idle in the city center due to the changing and developing technology and needs. If these structures were taken under protection in the process, they are still idle and disconnected from the life of the city today. A survey was conducted within the scope of participatory planning in order to measure the place of the industrial heritage buildings in Ereğli in the memory of the Ereğli community, to measure their belonging to the buildings, and to reach results on how they would like to see this area. In addition, what the new function of this area should be with a participatory approach and the perspective of the people of Eğli in the planning/delivery process in these areas were revealed. As a result of the researches on the industrial structures in Ereğli, it has been revealed in the survey findings that these areas have an important place in the urban memory of the people of Ereğli. In addition, according to the findings; It was supported by the results of the survey that these structures should be protected and that he wanted to be a participant in the planning and project design process to be carried out in this area. Within the scope of on-site investigations and survey work, it is essential to protect these structures, which are important for Ereğli, and it has been concluded that public participation is required for the new functions to be given to these structures. Ensuring the participation of the public in the protection of these structures, which will both be protected and contribute to the image of the city by integrating them into the current life of the city, will cause an increase in their belonging to this area. These structures, which do not make sense in the eyes of the public as a result of the functions given without participation, will face the danger of being idle again.