Evaluation of primary pulp-derived mesenchymal cell differentiation on composite polymer graft BY TEM and immunohistochemical methods

Recently, regenerative medicine applications offer different alternatives for the recovery of lost tissues. Tissue engineering, as one of these options, is based on the reproduction of cells in the laboratory on the resistant tissue skeleton, with the correct selection of cells and scaffolds. Vascularization problems arise when the correct cell and scaffold selection is not made, which is one of the most common problems in bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of dental pulp and gingiva-derived cells cultured on composite graft material on mineralization and vascularization mechanisms in the early stages of bone formation. Human Umbilical Cord Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) and the fibroblast (3T3) cell group were used as the control group. To observe cellular differentiation, under standard in-vitro culture conditions at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours and Week 1; CD31, p selectin and Runx2 antibodies was used by immunocytochemical staining. Dental pulp cells at 72 hour group was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Immunocytochemical staining was based on the instructions specific for the antibody used. While CD31 + staining was seen in pulp cells only at 96 hours, gingiva cells were not stained. P selectin staining was observed in the pulp cells at 96 hour and gingival cells at 72 hour, 1 week groups. Pulp and gingiva cells were stained with Runx2 at 72, 96 hours and 1 week. In line with our findings, it was observed that pulp and gingiva derived cells were suitable cells for osteoblastic differentiation under standard culture conditions. In addition, it has been observed that gingival cells have more endothelial differentiation potential than pulp cells. As a result; It was concluded that dental pulp and gingival cells can be used in tissue engineering applications, and that the multi-differentiation potential of these cells should be evaluated using various additional experimental tools and models.