The study of hh1 mutation in Holstein and Holstein crossbred cattle raised in the city of Konya

In the modern dairy industry, the decrease in fertility as a result of the use of high-yielding animals is a significant problem. As it is known, mutations spread around the world in a very short time with high-yielding bulls through artificial insemination. These genetic mutations are known to be responsible for embryonic deaths, leading to significant economic losses, especially in the first three months of pregnancy. Mutations cause early embryonic losses and abortions. If a mutation occurs in any functional gene of cattle, it can lead to death. In this research, 300 blood samples from Holstein and Holstein hybrid cattle breeds were taken from a private enterprise in the Konya region and studied. The gender distribution of the samples is 83.33% female and 16.97% male. The study attempted to detect the HH1 mutation in the APAF1 gene, which is associated with embryonic death and abortion. ARMS-PCR technique was used to detect HH1 mutation. In the study, the gel electrophoresis method was applied to a total of 300 samples, and results were obtained from 287 of them. 76.31% of the samples were found to be homozygous, and 23.69% were heterozygous. This study found that heterozygosity and homozygosity had a significant effect on race and gender.