The reform of the jāhiliyyah society Prophet Muhammed in the light of Qur'anic verses

The process of the revelation of the Qur'an, in its historical context, constitutes the beginning of a profound reform process at both the individual and social levels. In this process, the Qur'an aims to eliminate the corruption that has arisen in the areas of belief, worship, morality, and social life, and to rebuild the social structure. The study examines how this transformation was achieved within the framework of both the principles guided by revelation and the ways in which the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) implemented these principles as their practitioner. The pedagogical dimension of the Prophet's (pbuh) methodology of reform in eliminating the distortions in belief and behaviour in the Jahiliyyah society is analytically evaluated in the context of the relevant verses of the Qur'an. While analysing these problems, it is shown that the understanding of reform in the Qur'an takes shape within the framework of the relationship between the concepts of salah and fesad, specifically in terms of fundamental principles such as tawhid, justice, the establishment of social peace, and moral improvements. The Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) put these principles into practice at the individual and social levels, thus presenting a concrete model. In the reform process, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) simultaneously achieved mental transformation and social reform by using methods such as question-and-answer, rationality, and setting an example (being a model) to transform existing problems. Ultimately, the model of reform presented by the Qur'an and the Prophet (pbuh) aims to transform the mental and social foundations of these corruptions, while abolishing certain forms of belief and behaviour. In this context, the words and deeds of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) constitute the concrete application of the reform model. Thus, it demonstrates its transformative effect in both the individual and social spheres.