Globalization and nationalism transformation of national identity in Turkey

This study aims to analyze the transformation of national identity in Turkey as a result of the globalization process. The multi-layered identity heritage inherited from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic is being reshaped under the influence of globalization; national identity, in the face of global interactions, is developing both resistance and adaptation mechanisms to reproduce itself. In this context, the central research question of the study is how globalization has transformed the perception of national identity in Turkey and what types of responses or strategies society and the state have developed in response to this transformation. The scope of the study focuses on the ideological, cultural, and political changes in national identity in Turkey in the post-globalization era, as well as the reactive or integrative approaches that emerged in response to these changes. The analysis established through themes such as modernization, historical memory, and identity construction is not limited to a specific period or event, but rather conducted within a general conceptual and sociological framework. The limitation of the research is that it does not address all ethnic, sectarian, or class-based fractures in detail regarding the transformation of national identity, but rather focuses on an analysis of the overarching narratives and societal responses directly affected by globalization. In-depth field studies on local identity groups are beyond the scope of this study. The main finding of the research is that globalization does not homogenize national identities and eliminate differences on a global level but transforms them into a more dynamic, conflictual, and pluralistic structure. In the case of Turkey, this transformation is manifested in different forms both in political discourses and in everyday life; national identity evolves into a structure that sometimes resists and sometimes adapts to new forms in the face of global modernity. In this regard, the study offers a unique example for understanding the impact of globalization on national identities and analyzing the responses to this impact. Keywords: Globalization, nationalism, national identity, Türkiye, identity transformation, hybrid identities, homogenization, heterogenization