Evaluation of impulsivity, aggression levels, and criminal behavior in substance users

This study aimed to assess the levels of aggression and impulsivity among individuals using psychoactive substances and to examine their relationship with substance type, criminal history, withdrawal symptoms, probation status, and usage characteristics. This cross-sectional research compared a group of substance users with a non–substance-using control group. Sociodemographic data, substance use profiles, and forensic histories were collected using a structured form. Aggression was assessed with the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), and impulsivity was evaluated using the BIS-15-KF scale. Findings indicated that the substance-using group had significantly higher total aggression and impulsivity scores, including all subscales, compared with the control group. Criminal history and probation were identified as strong risk factors that increased both aggression and impulsivity. Substance-specific analyses revealed that users of synthetic cannabinoids, methamphetamine, ecstasy, and pregabalin/gabapentin exhibited the highest aggression and impulsivity levels. Moreover, polysubstance users demonstrated stronger associations with criminal involvement, withdrawal symptoms, and resistance to treatment. In conclusion, substance dependence substantially impairs behavioral control and emotional regulation, while aggression and impulsivity appear both as contributing factors and consequences of addiction. These findings highlight the necessity of comprehensive treatment approaches that integrate biological, psychosocial, and forensic components to effectively manage substance use disorders.