Micropropagation of Calendula arvensis L. In Vitro and determination of the biologically active constitutes

This work involves the plant reproduction of Calendula arvensis using tissue culture technology outside the living body by plant parts, top and growing nodes in the field, and from the target plants. These experiments also study the impact of growth regulators BA and KIN with different concentrations on growth, duplication, and the creation of callus resulting from planting part of the leaves in media with different concentrations of 2, 4-D. The effectiveness of alcohol was tested with different sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) concentrations to sterilize plant parts. The results showed that the effectiveness of sterilization using ethanol at 70% concentration for 30 seconds with the use of NaClO at 10% concentration for 20 minutes was the best method of sterilization and growth. The branch upgrowth 2.2 cm branch/plant parts resulting from growing nodes in a field equipped with an 0.5 mg/L BA after 8 weeks was the highest rate. The number of branches 5.5 branch/ plant parts resulting branch end cultivation from the tissues plants on the medium MS equipped with 0.5 mg/L BA after 8 weeks was the highest. Planting of nodes was produced by tissue mothers in the medium of an 0.5 mg /L BA formed the highest number of 2.8 branches/plant part after two months. The number of branches 4.4 branch/plant part - branch end cultivation resulting from the planting of tissues on the medium MS equipped with 2.0 mg/L KIN after 8 weeks was the highest. Planting of nodes is produced by tissue mothers in the medium of a 2.0 mg/L KIN formed the highest number of branches 4.7 branches/plant part after two months. Planting part of the leaf is produced from growing plants in the field on a medium equipped with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and creating the highest wet weight of a callus 1.427 g after 4 weeks of planting. The highest wet weight of callus 1.323 g is gained by planting part of leaf consisting of tissues from mothers on a medium that is equipped with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 30 days later planting. Addition of different levels of brassino acid had effect on the growth and multiplication of callus, as it gave the highest dry weight of callus at a concentration of 0.05 mg/L, which amounted to 0.163 g. The prepared medium with a concentration of 2 mg/L of brassino surpassed it in its salicylic content, which amounted to 45.1 ppm. The results showed that there was an increase in the amount of rutin when including the food medium with a concentration of 2 mg/L of brassino stimulant.