The investigation of nano-sized titanium dioxide powder effects on superficial veins using ultraviolet light in a rabbit model

Titanium dioxide is widely used in many field ssuch as food, cosmetics, paper industry. The aim of this study is; histopathological examination of the effects of titanium dioxide solution on the marginal vein in rabbit ear under ultraviolet light. This study was carried out by theNational Thesis Center of Higher Education Council with the reference number 10127589 dated 11.10.2016 as the master thesis of Nanotechnology Institute of Science and Technology Institute of Kütahya Dumlupınar University. The study was started after the ethical committee decision of the Local Ethics Committee of Sivas Cumhuriyet University on 01.06.2017 and numbered 65202830-050.04.04-62. A total of 4 groups of rabbits were used in the study. The first Group was the control group, the second group was performed only 20% nano TiO2 group, the third group only UV light performed group and the fourth group nano TiO2 and UV light Group were performed simultaneously. Nano TiO2 20% aqueous solution and UV light were used at the wavelength of 368 nm in the study. In the study, rabbits were exposed to UV light for 12 hours per day. Nano TiO2 solution was performed 0.2 cc on rabbit ear skin. The study was continued for 14 days and samples were taken from ear marginal vein on the 15th day. The specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and evaluated for inflammation. Ear tissue samples taken from rabbits were taken into 10% buffered formalin solution. The samples were then routed to paraffin blocks by routine follow-up procedures. Sections from the blocks were examined by staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin in terms of histopathological changes. The sections examined in the light microscope were evaluated semiquantitatively as: none (-), mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++) in terms of Chronic inflammation. The ear tissues of rabbits in control and TiO2 groups were in normal histological appearance. In the UV light only group, a severe Chronic inflammation formed of mononuclear cells around the hair follicles and perivascular areas was observed. These findings were found to be decreased in the UV-nano TiO2group. Perivascular inflammation in the Nano TiO2 group was the least statistically significant. The lack of perivascular Chronic inflammation in the group of TiO2 Nano-elements can be explained by three theories; firstly nano TiO2 was prevent the harmful effects of UV light as a result of photocatalytic activation, secondly the decrease of the arrival of mononuclearcells into the perivascular space as a result of the regression of small venous colleratal structures, which are macroscopically regressed and disappear in place and histologically do not appear in the preparations, the third is the combination of both theories. However, there are further studies to explain the theories mentioned; genetic, cytogenetic, biochemistry, histochemistry and immunohistochemical studies are needed. Key Words: Skın, Vein, Dermal, Dermis, Dioxide, Animal, Histological, Light, Model, Nano, Rabbit, TiO2, Titanium, Ultraviolet, Vascular, , Venous.