Investigation of the use of nano titanium-dioxide doped fuel mixtures in a diesel engine

In this study, TiO₂ nanoparticle additives were added to Eurodiesel fuel at different concentrations (25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm) and their effects on combustion, performance and emission parameters in a single cylinder diesel engine were investigated. It was observed that increasing nanoparticle concentrations increased the cylinder internal pressure and net heat release in combustion analyses compared to the starting state of pure diesel fuel in test fuels. Among the performance parameters, effective efficiency and exhaust gas temperature increased, while specific fuel consumption and specific energy consumption values decreased. In emission values, except NOx, CO, HC and smoke emissions have decreased compared to the initial condition. These decreasing and increasing trends are in parallel with the nanoparticle dosage. Eight different mathematical models were created by using the Response Surface Method (RSM) in the second stage. The equations are based on the input parameters of nanoparticle concentration and engine load, and statistical results of R² ≥ 0.9090 were obtained. All data obtained were optimised to determine the optimum TiO₂ amount and engine load according to five different conditions. In all models, it was determined that the optimum nanoparticle ratio was 100 ppm and the engine load varied between 0.3 BMEP and 2.89 BMEP These results emphasise the importance of establishing a balance between performance and emissions. This study aims to guide both academic and industrial users in future research on internal combustion engines.