Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and investigation the effects of nanotechnology on environment and health

Nanoparticles show different and more excellent properties than their bulk structures; therefore, as new nanoparticles are obtained, the importance of nanoscience is increasing day after day. A particle whose size is between 1-100 nm and whose behaviour can be understood by quantum theory is called nanoparticle. The science that enables us to understand the physical, chemical, biological changing properties of matter that has at least one dimension between 1-100 nm is called "nanoscience". Nanotechnology is based on nanoscience. The new properties of nanoparticles and nanostructures which are the subject of nanoscience. The new properties of nanoparticles and nanostructures, which are the subject of nanoscience, enable more and more widespread use of nanotechnological applications. The use of nanotechnology is increasing in the military, health, industry, optics, physics, chemistry, medicine, biology, agriculture, energy, space research, and in brief in every field of life. Advancing technology also causes innovative approaches. The development of nanoscience causes nanotechnological structures that becomes smaller in size and dimensions, and whose surface/volume ratio is quite large compared to their bulk structures, and also the emergence of many different and superior studies and technological designs with its electrical, optical, thermal, chemical etc. properties. Knowing the obtaining methods of nanoparticles (synthesis of nanoparticles) and the methods that enable the determination of the structural and surface properties of the obtained nanoparticles (characterization of nanoparticles), are of great importance in this development, because nanoparticles exhibit different and superior properties in all their sizes. One of the aims of this thesis is to review the synthesis and characterization methods of nanoparticles. It is important for many forthcoming studies to determine which of these methods can be used, and also to investigate how it will affect on the results to be obtained; as a result, this information is important to contribute to the development of research. Nanoparticles and nanostructures exist in the natural environment; they can also be obtained artificially. These structures are among the structures that inspire nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, which can be applied in almost every field, has positive results as well as various risks. In addition to innovative studies, the scientists have begun to examine the negative effects of nanotechnology on the environment, nature, and human health. It causes poisoning, respiratory tract and skin diseases in humans. It causes poisoning, respiratory tract and skin diseases in humans. When it accumulates in waste, it harms the ecology. If these risks are ignored, it will cause great harms. In order to minimize these risks, the toxicity risks that may occur should be foreseen, and also the precautions to prevent and to remove the damage should be determined. In this thesis, researches on nanomaterials and nanostructures that are toxic on the environment and health, risk factors, and precautions that can and should be taken for risks are also reviewed. The results of studies on synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles and the health and environmental effects of nanotechnology have been more increasing importance in this era. For this reason, a literature review is presented in order to determine the current status of scientific studies and the results are presented in this thesis.