Development of The Southeast Region of Anatolia in terms of architecture in The Neolithic Period

Today the phase called Neolithic Period, which covers the transition of human beings from nomadic lifestyle to settled order and subsequent changes and developments, has become the most researched and discussed subject of archaeology. Anatolia has been the home of many civilizations throughout history due to its location, arable lands and climate availability besides abundance of underground and surface resources. As is known Southeastern Anatolia is the most important region of Anatolia in the Neolithic Period. Therefore, Southern Anatolia is the part of fertile crescent where people came to settle ten thousand years ago. Evolution of human beings from nomadic lifestyle to settled order is one of the most important stages in our history. Man has always been in need of shelter since his existence. The insight of permanent settlement led to a phenomena called Architecture. From the earliest phase of the Neolithic Age we witnessed the special buildings, nonresidential buildings beside the buildings constructed only the purpose of living. This gives us very important information about the religious belief of the Neolithic People. When we look at ordinary architectural examples, the shelters were semi-buried one circular room simply built of mud and light materials, afterwards as the process progressed more sophisticated, useful, multi-room, rectangular residences were emerged. This emerging architectural comprehension is seen as the most important step in the stage of transformation from dwellings to simple settlements, villages and then to cities that constitute the social structure and social relations of today. it is likely to say that the improvement of humanity depends on many universal factors such as socialization, interaction, technology and economy and all that factors are reproduced over and over again in this context.