Determining water consumption with help of gis in base of hotels ; İstanbul case

The demand for natural resources has been increasing daily and the effects of global warming have made it more difficult for societies to meet the demands for some specific resources. The most important natural sources, water, is the most affected resource among the others by these rapid natural affects. Approximately 97% of Earth is water. The remaining part is mostly frozen fresh water. Under water portion is constituting 0.5% part, and the remaining part is consisting of very small lakes, rivers and waterfalls of the surface water. Even the remaining part of usable water seems too less, it has been more than enough for human-beings and animals on the earth. However, lately water scarcity has started. That's why this one should be more careful in the use of water and important preventions should be taken. Water consumption has increased very quickly while clean water sources has been decreasing rapidly due to environmental pollution and industrialization of. Close to 20% of the world's population today is not able to reach to clean water sources. In addition, the distribution of water resources is not even in the world. Water supply in terms of the presence of the Australian continent, America, Asia, North and Central Africa has significant quantities, while the Middle East, Southeast Asia and North Africa have been experiencing serious water shortages. The healthiest way to measure the quantity of usable water resources is to measure the amount of renewable fresh water in the region. According to the amount of water countries can be divided into three groups. Countries gets less than 500 m3 per capita per year, is classified as absolute scarcity country. Countries having with between 500 - 1,000 m3 amounts is classified as scarcity country. Between 1,000 – 1,700 m3 belongs to water stress group and who has above 1,700 m3 water per capita per year is in no stress category, our country is rich in water as it may seem, in fact the situation is just the opposite. Turkey is classified as water-stress country with average 1,519 m3 water per person. Apart from tourism, agriculture and industry sector/service sector has a significant share in the consumption of water. In the 1950s, consisting of civic, cultural, social and economic changes and new habits and needs at the international level to the emergence of a large thriving tourism movement. Along with the noticed economic value of tourism, tourism became one of the emerging sectors of 21. Tourism, as it reached to its's economic power became very important like industrialization and international trade. In developing countries, tourism is increasing foreign exchange earning, new job possibilities and working with the development because it is used in the name of the most important tools that you can win the economic sense of power is one of them. Tourism is one of the main base. Accommodation facilities is one of the major water consumer service sector. This left the environment ethics of enterprises are very varied and complex. Cooling and heating systems, lighting studies, preparation of food, hygiene requirements, with water activities, park, Garden, extensive greenery like watering needs, given that hotels all over the world as people who use the resources they consume daily is extremely much. Accommodation at its facilities to produce and deliver without water service is close to impossible. Tourists consume high amounts of water and in water use restrictions are mostly regions do not prefer. The largest portion of water used in hotels rooms are spent for personal use, laundry, landscaping and use of the kitchen is a large part of the other. They include used part total consumption is about 30%. In addition, nearly 56% of this use in the rooms bathroom, 25% in toilets, 9% in sink, 10% while cleaning.Hotels and resorts under construction is increasing every day. The trend in this industry always bigger, wider, and more needs to be done is in the direction of comprehensive hotel. The number of the hotel room in 1990 in the world increased more than 25% between 1998 and reached nearly 15 million. Regional South Asia has the fastest growth. The United States and Europe has the biggest affect, 38% and 34%, including the largest share. As important and distinctive hotel construction in the Caribbean in recent years is also the most among the world. These increases have adverse effects on the environment. For example, the most popular hotels in Israel and Jordan River when the other tourist attractions in the vicinity of water consumption was influenced in a negative way and the dead sea drying comes to the point. The water level has dropped about 40 meters over the past 50 years. In 2050, it is estimated that dead sea will be destroyed. From the beginning of tourism destinations in İstanbul water consumption is increasing with each passing year. In this study, on Earth, and the location and importance in a trade with Turkey, which was the capital of the history, culture and tourism, İstanbul. Istanbul's 39 County, General water consumption bases this districts are evaluated as found in this county who serve the tourism hotels are presented in water consumption between the years 2010-2014 and in this respect it is produced in various thematic maps. Istanbul water consumption with 5, 4 and 3-star hotels are selected through assumptions and projections for the future. This thematic maps have been created with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). In this thesis, Istanbul as having a geographical importance, and being the historical, cultural and touristic capital, is chosen to be investigated for water consumption during 2010-2014 and in this respect various thematic maps are produced with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS). All 39 counties in Istanbul were involved in this research and verbal data were collected to measure the total water consumption by 115 (5 4 and 3 star) hotels. Verbal data collected from hotels is consisting of the number of rooms, swimming pools, saunas, Turkish hamams, personal water consumption of customers stayed in the hotels. On the other hand, geometric data is including the location data of the hotels containing the vector data which is consisted of point, line and area data. Many experiments have been conducted using the water consumption data along with GIS system to analyze the potential water recourses, where the water is distributed and where the water is wasted. Since hotels are the lead in the most water consumption, they are trying to bring in technological advances to decrease the water consumption. Various innovations to increase their share in the industry with applications. In this diverse and attract the attention of customers with different applications. Eco-friendly practices are significant changes in this sense. In addition, these applications also save water with small revision made major contributions. For example, if a problematic toilet reservoir daily average 185 liters of water on costly duplication. Hotel baths dripping shower heads, faucets, and toilets were a certain amount of water to fix the reservoir and savings can be achieved. In addition, decreasing the water flow rate of showerhead serious amounts of savings. Based on many savings measures at major changes in water consumption can be achieved. For instance Touristic hotels and investors Association ( TUROB) is providing a certificate in name Greening Hotels, to hotels which are willing to follow the standards to better control the water consumption and integrate smart ways to decrease the extreme usage of water in unnecessary situations.Since Turkey is facing water scarcity, more control mechanism should be placed to decrease the water consumption and water recycling methods should be introduced, and hotels which are not following the these standards should be penalized and made mandatory by laws.