Preparation and testing of a non-enzymatic electrochemical urea sensor with novel borophene: Copper phthalocyanine nanocomposide

In this study, CuPc-borophene nanocomposite was prepared by the sonochemical method, after borofen was prepared by physical exfoliation method and CuPc was synthesized. Borophene and CuPc-borophene nanocomposite X-Ray Diffraction method (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), High Resolution TEM (HR-TEM), Zeta Potential and Raman Spectroscopy techniques was by characterized. Urea detection performances of the CuPc and CuPc-borophene nanocomposite based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors were investigated at room temperature. The CuPc-Borofen nanocomposite-based sensor exhibited a higher sensitivity of 10.43 μA/mMcm2 against (250-1000) μM with a detection limit of 0.05 μM in a 1-minute voltammetric cycle due to the high charge carrying advantages of the borophene additive. CuPc-borophene nanocomposite based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors detected urea with higher sensitivity and stability due to high charge transport advantages of borophene additive. These results reveal that the CuPc-borophene nanocomposite based non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor is a sensitive, stable, rapid, portable, and low-cost potential urea biosensor for early-stage diagnosis of many diseases.