Examination of performance based facade systems and parametric design in terms of daylight

Today, energy production and consumption are increasing. A very high amount of greenhouse gas emissions occur due to reasons such as industrial activities, transportation, agricultural activities and energy production. Global warming occurs as a result of the accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. To combat this, the use of fossil fuels can be reduced. 20% of the total energy in Turkey is used in transportation, 37% in buildings and 43% in industry. If global warming is to be prevented, buildings should be designed to consume less energy. Digital techniques have begun to be used together with architectural design. Thus, modeling of complex forms became easier and enabled analyzes for energy efficiency. The first part of this study focuses on the problem, purpose, importance and method of the thesis. In the second part, performance-based design and facade systems are mentioned. Today, the production and consumption of energy has a vital place. Designing buildings to consume less energy becomes critical. This situation has led architects to search for design methods. Performance-based design is a design method in which building performance is an important factor for design. It differs from conventional CAD simulation processes. The design model can be modified directly using performance-based simulations. Most of the energy losses occur on the building surface. Therefore, performance-based facade designs such as adaptive facade, kinetic facade, double skin facade and intelligent facade are emphasized. The buildings where these facades were used were examined. The third part of this thesis focuses on parametric design. The word parameter, first used in mathematics, means variable. Later, this word started to be used by designers as well. After a model has been created, if the architect wants to change any of the parameters, he must go back to the beginning and recreate the model according to the changed parameter. This causes loss of time. Over time, with the development of technology, new software began to be used in the field of architecture. Software that enables parametric design such as Grasshopper and Dynamo have been released. Although parametric-based design programs such as Sketchpad were used in the past, parametric modeling began to become widespread in the architectural field with the release of software such as Dynamo and Grasshopper. Parametric modeling has been used by designers in many parts of the world. In the fourth section, applied architectural examples designed with the parametric design method were examined. Studies with different scales and functions were selected. In the last part of this thesis study, analysis was carried out. In this section, the K block tower building called Istanbul Gelişim Tower and the former Architecture and Engineering Faculty D block were selected. Rhinoceros was used to model these blocks, Grasshopper was used to model the parametric façade, and Honeybee was used to analyze the daylight of the buildings. Daylight analyzes of the existing facades of the buildings were made using Honeybee, the add-on of the Grasshopper program. The illuminance levels of the points selected for analysis in the buildings are tabulated. In order to answer the question of what the daylight analysis would be like if the facade was designed using a parametric method instead of the existing facades, parametric facade experiments were carried out using Grasshopper. Facade variations that allow for rich diversity have been designed using modules in the relevant sections of the thesis. These facade designs were modeled according to the dimensions of the buildings using Grasshopper software. This time, daylight analysis of buildings modeled according to parametric facades was performed. The results of the analyzes were compared with each other according to the illuminance of the selected points.