Statistical modeling of the relationship between the chemical composition, sintering regime, and technical properties of porcelain tiles

This study utilized a full factorial experimental design technique to systematically investigate the factors influencing the final properties of porcelain tiles. The experimental design allowed for the systematic alteration of independent variables and the measurement of dependent variables, aiming to optimize and improve the ceramic production process. The study focused on four main factors: Seger ratios of SiO2/Al2O3, Na2O/K2O, MgO/CaO, and firing temperature, employing a 2^4 full factorial method. The composition of porcelain tiles and Seger values were specifically addressed in the study, with the calculation of oxide ratio ranges. Statistical hypothesis analysis was employed to minimize Type I and Type II errors. Furthermore, additional criteria were established restrict the amount of typical raw material in the formulation, ensure that the balance of various oxide components is not distorted and minimize the particle size effects. The experimental results evaluated the effects of independent variables on the properties of porcelain tiles and assisted in determining optimal settings. The statistical analysis demonstrated the significant influence of Seger ratios on important properties such as density, water absorption, firing shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, and strength. Variance analysis and Pareto charts were employed to identify the most impactful factors on each property. SiO2/Al2O3 and MgO/CaO were found to have the most significant effects on the examined properties. The regression models derived from the study exhibited high goodness-of-fit measures and demonstrated strong predictive capabilities. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the production process and enhancing the quality of porcelain tiles. The proposed models offer advantages to manufacturers in terms of cost optimization, resource allocation, production efficiency, and profitability.