The possible neuroprotective effect of ‎agmatine on microglial cell line in ‎neurodegenerative disease

Nervous system diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality ‎‎worldwide. Consequently, it is crucial to search for effective agents that can protect ‎‎neurons. Agmatine, an endogenous polyamine, possesses diverse biological properties ‎‎and pharmacological potential. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective ‎‎effects of agmatine on BV2 cell death. The evaluation of cell viability will be ‎‎conducted using MTT assay, following the determination of appropriate ‎‎doses for Agmatine and LPs.‎ In order to determine the optimal dose, various concentrations of the agmatine ‎and ‎LPS substances were tested on BV2 cells. Considering the wide range of ‎‎concentrations used in previous in vitro studies as reported in the literature, ‎‎experiments were conducted across a broad range of doses, including concentrations ‎‎from 20 to 150 µM, and using different cell concentrations of BV2. Due to the ‎‎variable sensitivity to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), different responses and toxic ‎‎effects can occur. The cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay with varying ‎‎concentrations of LPS, ranging from 2 to 0.01 µg/ml. The experimental design aimed ‎‎to investigate the protective properties of agmatine against LPS toxicity on BV2 ‎‎cells, utilizing the MTT assay. ‎ The research findings confirmed that BV2 cells can survive with full absorbance up ‎‎to 25 µM of agmatine. Beyond this concentration, the survival rate of the cells ‎‎gradually declined until reaching the IC50 values of 107.7 µM, 65 µM, and 35 µM ‎‎for the first, second, and third doses, respectively. Statistical significance was ‎‎observed for this decrease in cell viability. On the other hand, for ‎‎Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), BV2 cell survival was detected until reaching a dose of ‎‎‎0.25 µg/ml. After this point, the viability of BV2 cells started to decline, reaching the ‎‎IC50 value of 0.9 µg/ml, beyond which the cells eventually died. Combining both ‎‎substances, agmatine and LPs, confirmed the neuroprotective potency of agmatine ‎‎on BV2 cells. The doses of 50 µM, 75 µM, and 100 µM were found to be effective, ‎‎but concentrations exceeding 100 µM became toxic to the cells. After determining ‎‎the optimal dose of agmatine over a three-day period, the IC50 values were ‎‎determined as 107.7 µM, 60 µM, and 35 µM for the first, second, and third day, ‎‎respectively.‎ Agmatine demonstrates high efficacy in neuronal protection and treatment, with ‎the ‎added advantage of limited adverse effects. These findings highlight the ‎significant ‎therapeutic effect of agmatine in managing neurological disorders. ‎However, further ‎clinical trials are necessary before agmatine can be widely adopted ‎for clinical use.‎