Reasons and effects of the UK's exit from the European Union

This thesis examines the issue of Brexit by exploring its historical significance, motivations and consequences. It identifies internal factors, such as economic concerns, sovereignty and immigration, as well as external influences, such as the European economic crisis and the rise of populism, that led the UK collectively to make the decision to leave the EU. The historical context covers the formation of the European Union, its key treaties and institutions, and the ambivalent relationship between the UK and the EU since its accession in 1973. The study highlights the reasons for Brexit, including financial burdens, sovereign disputes, immigration concerns, and the role of political parties and the media in shaping public opinion. The thesis analyses the withdrawal process, focusing on the challenges faced by Theresa May and Boris Johnson during the Article 50 negotiations. It discusses crucial debates, such as 'hard Brexit versus soft Brexit', and the eventual adoption of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement. This research also examines the impact of Brexit on the UK, particularly in terms of politics, economic stability and security, as well as its wider implications for the EU, including institutional challenges, economic adjustments and increased uncertainty within member states. The research addresses key questions through hypotheses about political independence, economic outcomes, internal divisions and media influence. It uses a mixed methodology that includes surveys, historical analysis and statistical data to provide a comprehensive understanding of Brexit and its implications