Exosome isolation from rat bone marrow deri̇ved stem cells and their characterization

Exosomes are nanoscale (30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles that play an important role in many biological processes including intercellular communication, antigen presentation and transport of proteins, RNA and other molecules. It transfers RNA and proteins to cells and play important roles in cell-to-cell communication. Mostly, they can be isolated from almost all body fluids such as blood, urine, breast milk, amniotic fluid, bronchoalveolar fluid. Exosomes are potential markers in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including cancer. It is thought that the cargo contents (especially mRNA and miRNA content) carried by the exosomes will be an important advantage in the diagnosis of diseases. Exosomes characteristically carry the membrane and cytoplasmic properties of the cells they are secreted from. In recent studies, they are of great importance in the monitoring and diagnosis of the disease, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease, kidney and liver diseases. Exosomes of stem cells were obtained by ultracentrifugation, PEG 6000 and PEG 20000 methods. Images of the isolated exosomes were taken by Scanning Electron Microscope. In the methods used, the best results were obtained from PEG 6000 and ultracentrifuge methods.