The role of lidocaine on the rat prostate cancer: Cell kinetics and lateral motility

Prostate cancer is a common and fatal type of cancer in men which has an increasing incidence with advanced age and ranks number two in cancer-related deaths after lung cancer in the world and in our country. Deaths due to prostate cancer result from metastasis rather than primary tumor. During the migration and invasion of prostate, breast, and colon cancer cells, the increase in the expression levels of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) has caused them to be proposed as a new metastatic target. It has been revealed by many studies that metastatic progression can be prevented by blocking these VGSCs in the cell membrane. The fact that VGSC expression has an accelerating effect on the metastatic process of prostate cancer has shown that it could be a potential marker in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the mechanisms of metastasis and to examine the agents that will be effective on these mechanisms. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of Lidocaine (LDC), which is a VGSC blocker and used as a local anesthetic in the clinic, on lateral motility representing metastasis in vitro with cell kinetics of high metastatic Mat-LyLu and low metastatic AT-2 cells of Dunning rat prostate cancer model cell strains. For this purpose, Mat-LyLu and AT-2 cells were administered with 0.1 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM, 3 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM LDC for 24 and 48 hours, and the cell kinetics, as well as the lateral movement of cells for metastasis, were examined. According to the results obtained, LDC inhibited the proliferation of high metastatic Mat-LyLu cells and low metastatic AT-2 cells from 0.5 mM and 1 mM, respectively (P<0,05). Labeling index results are also parallel with the proliferation results. It was determined that tetrodotoxin (TTX), which is a specific VGSC blocker and used as a positive control, suppressed the motility of only high metastatic Mat-LyLu cells (P<0.05). While it caused inhibition in the motility of Mat-LyLu cells in LDC similarly to TTX (P<0.05), it did not cause any change in the motility of AT-2 cells. In conclusion, the role of LDC on rat prostate cancer was investigated in vitro. It has been determined for the first time that LDC inhibits the lateral movement of high-metastatic and highly VGSC-expressing Mat-LyLu cells and has the potential to be an anti-metastatic treatment option against cancer metastasis.