SpO2 and temperature measurement device based on ATmega328p microcontroller chip with mobile connection for real-time monitoring

Continuous monitoring of vital signals such as body temperature, heart beat rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) for an early diagnosis of a disease is very important. Especially with the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for SpO2 level detecting is critical. SpO2 stands for peripheral capillary oxygen saturation. More specifically, it is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin (hemoglobin containing oxygen) compared to the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood (oxygenated and non oxygenated hemoglobin)(Vasan et al., 2013). Normal SpO2 values vary between 95 and 100%. During the pandemic, most patients had to visit medical facilities which caused hospitals to be overwhelmed due to the massive number of cases which lead to even more people getting infected. Therefore, there is a need for a simple wearable, low-cost device that can be used at home as a point-of-care (POC) testing system which can transfer data wirelessly to a monitoring device. The proposed device is also implemented with an alarm system to promptly alert the potential patient in case of a temperature raise or an SpO2 drop. This system is not only for active patients but also for recovering COVID-19 patient. It has been found that some recovering COVID-19 patient can also suffer from long term effects in which the patient develops blood clots due to the side effects of the virus (Willyard, 2022). Blood clots are possible to be detected preliminarily by SpO2 measurements as well. The data will be displayed on a smartphone using the Bluetooth HC-05 Module as well as the ability to monitor the readings on an LCD screen.