Energy and water optimization in irrigation systems

The necessity for more effective, efficient, and economical use of the limited available water resources, which are also essential for irrigation systems, compared to the past, has been influential in the emergence of this thesis and the hardware algorithm presented within it. While irrigation system control in the past was only designed with valves and floats, nowadays, with advancing technology, pressure switches and sensor technologies have also begun to be included in system designs, and these systems are constantly evolving. In this study, using electrode sensors on a triple model consisting of soil moisture sensor, air temperature sensor, and well, tank, and hydrophore tank, active modulation compatible with variable conditions has been achieved through smart learning for energy and water optimization in irrigation systems. Although various methods with variable costs are used in the production of electric energy, it is also considerably important for energy economy that this energy be used efficiently in irrigation systems. Here, a study that is conducted aiming to minimize the electric energy used in the operation of irrigation systems and the water drawn from water sources, simulating the situation where the water needs of the plant are adequately met in agricultural water consumption, and the obtained data are explained. The basic requirements for the operation of the system are the availability of water in the source tank depending on the air temperature and soil moisture status, and the availability of electric energy in the installation. In the study, in addition to soil, plant water preferences, and atmospheric data, data obtained from water sources, storage systems, and irrigation systems are evaluated. The most effective and efficient methods of saving water and energy in irrigation systems are modeled and explained using algorithms. The evaluation of the data is carried out automatically on the "PIC" structure containing the microprocessor architecture, according to the criteria we have determined, and the system can also be integrated into different architectural structures.