Green bonds as a financing instrument for sustainable development

Escalating environmental problems, the intensifying impacts of climate change, and the rapid depletion of natural resources have brought the vision of sustainable development to the forefront of the global policy agenda. Green bonds, which finance environmentally friendly, have emerged in recent years as a significant alternative funding instrument. This study first provides a comprehensive examination of the historical evolution and core dynamics of sustainable development, detailing international initiatives ranging from international to international. In the second chapter, the definitions, significance, principal actors, and structural barriers encountered in the field of green economy and green finance are analyzed in depth. The third chapter offers an evaluation of the concept of green bonds, including their standards, types, advantages, disadvantages, and market development. While emphasizing the growing importance of green bonds in global markets, the thesis discusses the current status and potential areas for development in the issuance of green bonds in Türkiye. The study highlights that the increasing regulatory pressure within the framework of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will further strengthen the need for green finance among exporting countries. Additionally, it concludes that establishing transparent reporting standards, ensuring compliance with international certification processes, and raising investor awareness are of critical importance for the development of the green bond market.