Analysis of historical masonry bridges using the finite element method: A case study of the Pamukçular Bridge in Bitlis

Historical structures hold significant importance in terms of the sustainability of cultural heritage and are among the valuable assets that should be passed on to future generations. Understanding the behavior of these structures, particularly in the face of natural disasters such as earthquakes, forms the basis for proper restoration practices and contributes to the development of long-term preservation strategies. With its rich historical background and unique architectural examples, Bitlis presents a significant area for such research. In this thesis, several historical masonry bridges built over the Bitlis River are briefly discussed, and the structural characteristics of the Historical Pamukçular Bridge are examined in detail. First, information is provided about the historical background of the bridge and the construction materials used. Then, based on its architectural features, a numerical model is created using the finite element method. As a result of the modal analyses, the natural frequencies, periods, and mode shapes of the bridge are determined. Subsequently, a static analysis of the structure under self-weight is carried out. Finally, to ensure that the analyses are current and realistic, a time-history dynamic analysis is performed using acceleration data recorded during the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. This study presents significant findings regarding the understanding and preservation of the seismic behavior of historical bridges.